Demographic changes are nowadays one of the biggest challenges facing developing societies and although they are mainly the result of processes that have been taking place for many years, their effects – both economic and social – are beginning to be felt now. The observed trends in the field of factors affecting the size and structure of the population, such as: decrease in fertility, increase in life expectancy, creation and breakdown of families, movement of population, determine the labour market, education, health care, and also affect the nature of consumption or the social insurance market. It can be concluded that, along with the progressing demographic changes, the areas of social and economic life that they condition will expand.