Demographic changes are nowadays one of the biggest challenges facing societies and although they are mainly the result of processes that have been taking place for many years, their effects – both economic and social – are already felt. Currently observed trends, such as a decline in fertility, an increase in life expectancy, a changing age structure, and an inflow of population to suburban areas of large cities, determine the labour market, education, health care, and also influence the nature of consumption or the social security market.